The present contribution details, in an as exhaustive as possible way, the fundamental knowledge acquired on fluorinated carbon nanotubes (CNT), also termed fluorotubes. Since the discrete pioneering articles published in the field a bit more than 10 years ago, around 70 additional references have now appeared which bear witness to the dynamism of this emergent part of the chemistry of nanotubes. As a matter of fact, fluorination stands as the starting point for a great part of the modifications performed on CNT, rendering fluorotubes fundamental intermediates for the integration of CNT in the nanotechnology processes. Many synthesis routes use fluorotubes as precursors in view of the subsequent chemical derivatization of CNT, for instance. In parallel, several attempts of practical developments based on fluorotubes have also lately appeared throughout the literature, covering the tribology, nanocomposites, or electrochemistry sectors, which outline the potential interest of such fluorinated nanostructures. The first part of this chapter compiles the main knowledge reported to date on the subject throughout a still reasonable but increasingly abundant body of literature. The physicochemical properties and special characteristics of the C-F chemical bond in fluorotubes are critically analyzed in a second part, and the last section is devoted to some recent tentative applications and future concepts relating to the fluorination of carbon nanotubes. The present review is essentially depicted from the chemistry of materials standpoint. Some of the concepts illustrated throughout the text are enriched by a few works of unpublished data from our group.