Introduction Shoulder arthroplasty is increasingly frequent, and the associated literature is abundant. Citation rate is often considered a good means of assessing impact and scientific value. However, analysis of methodological quality is also essential in evidence-based medicine. Objectives (1) To identify the 50 most cited articles on shoulder arthroplasty, and (2) to assess the correlation between citation rate and methodological quality. The study hypothesis was that there is no correlation between citation rate and methodological quality. Method Articles were retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar, identifying the 50 most cited articles on shoulder arthroplasty via the keywords “shoulder joint replacement”, “shoulder arthroplasty”, “anatomic shoulder prothesis”, “reverse shoulder prothesis”, and “glenohumeral arthritis”. Modified Coleman Methodology Score (MCMS) and the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) were calculated. Results Mean citation rate for the 50 articles was 312.4 ± 169.5 (range, 151–841.5), with a mean citation density of 18.8 ± 10.6 (range, 4.7–46.7). 56% of the studies (28/50) were retrospective case series with level of evidence IV. There was no correlation between citation rate and methodological quality. Discussion The 50 most cited articles on shoulder arthroplasty mostly showed low levels of methodological quality. There was no correlation between citation rate and methodological quality: the literature needs to be read with a critical eye. Level of evidence IV.