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Article Dans Une Revue Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Année : 2013

Radiative forcing of the direct aerosol effect from AeroCom Phase II simulations

1 CICERO - Center for International Climate and Environmental Research [Oslo]
2 Space Sciences Department [Palo Alto]
3 LSCE - Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette]
4 MERMAID - Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics
5 NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia Earth Institute
6 GEST - Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center
7 MOHC - Met Office Hadley Centre
8 Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 200062 Shanghai, China
9 USRA - Universities Space Research Association [Washington]
10 PNNL - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
11 MPI-M - Max Planck Institute for Meteorology
12 Batelle
13 MET - Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo]
14 Department of Geosciences [Oslo]
15 MPI-M - Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie
16 UiO - University of Oslo
17 NCAR - National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder]
18 University of Michigan [Dearborn]
19 CINaM - Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille
20 SUNY - State University of New York
21 KNMI - Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute
22 AOSS - Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences [Ann Arbor]
23 AOPP - Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford]
24 Research Institute for Applied Mechanics
25 ECPL - Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory [Heraklion]
26 CAMS - Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences
27 ISAS - Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon]
28 ICCF - Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand
29 Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Global Changes
S. Ghan
  • Fonction : Auteur
A. Kirkevåg
  • Fonction : Auteur
X. Ma
O. Seland
  • Fonction : Auteur

Résumé

We report on the AeroCom Phase II direct aerosol effect (DAE) experiment where 16 detailed global aerosol models have been used to simulate the changes in the aerosol distribution over the industrial era. All 16 models have estimated the radiative forcing (RF) of the anthropogenic DAE, and have taken into account anthropogenic sulphate, black carbon (BC) and organic aerosols (OA) from fossil fuel, biofuel, and biomass burning emissions. In addition several models have simulated the DAE of anthropogenic nitrate and anthropogenic influenced secondary organic aerosols (SOA). The model simulated all-sky RF of the DAE from total anthropogenic aerosols has a range from −0.58 to −0.02 Wm−2, with a mean of −0.27 Wm−2 for the 16 models. Several models did not include nitrate or SOA and modifying the estimate by accounting for this with information from the other AeroCom models reduces the range and slightly strengthens the mean. Modifying the model estimates for missing aerosol components and for the time period 1750 to 2010 results in a mean RF for the DAE of −0.35 Wm−2. Compared to AeroCom Phase I (Schulz et al., 2006) we find very similar spreads in both total DAE and aerosol component RF. However, the RF of the total DAE is stronger negative and RF from BC from fossil fuel and biofuel emissions are stronger positive in the present study than in the previous AeroCom study. We find a tendency for models having a strong (positive) BC RF to also have strong (negative) sulphate or OA RF. This relationship leads to smaller uncertainty in the total RF of the DAE compared to the RF of the sum of the individual aerosol components. The spread in results for the individual aerosol components is substantial, and can be divided into diversities in burden, mass extinction coefficient (MEC), and normalized RF with respect to AOD. We find that these three factors give similar contributions to the spread in results.
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hal-02870344 , version 1 (30-06-2020)

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G. Myhre, B. Samset, M Schulz, Yves Balkanski, S. Bauer, et al.. Radiative forcing of the direct aerosol effect from AeroCom Phase II simulations. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2013, 13 (4), pp.1853-1877. ⟨10.5194/acp-13-1853-2013⟩. ⟨hal-02870344⟩
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