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Chapitre De Rapport Année : 2009

Atmospheric composition change: Ecosystems-atmosphere interactions

1 NERC - Natural Environment Research Council
2 DTU - Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark
3 Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki
4 Institute of Environmental Sciences
5 Chalmers University of Technology [Gothenburg, Sweden]
6 MET - Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo]
7 KVL - Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University = Kongelige Veterinær- og Landbohøjskole
8 Agroscope
9 Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation [Bonn]
10 Institute für Agrarökologie
11 INBO - Research Institute for Nature and Forest
12 EGC - Environnement et Grandes Cultures
13 WUR - Wageningen University and Research Centre
14 Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research
15 FMI - Finnish Meteorological Institute
16 UniFI - Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence = Université de Florence
17 Institute for Plant Ecology
18 European Commission
19 CNR - National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
20 UCPH - University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet
21 OMSZ - Hungarian Meteorological Service
22 Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences
23 School of GeoSciences
24 Stockholm University
25 Indiana University
26 SEAES - School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences [Manchester]
27 Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests Natural Hazards and Landscape
28 MPIC - Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
29 NUI - National University of Ireland
30 UdA - Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I
31 ECN - Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands
Mark Sutton
A. Neftel
  • Fonction : Auteur
C. Flechard
Benjamin Loubet
Christof Ammann
  • Fonction : Auteur
S. Cieslik
  • Fonction : Auteur
D. Nilsson
  • Fonction : Auteur
Shona Pryor
  • Fonction : Auteur
J. Williams

Résumé

This review describes the state of understanding the processes involved in the exchange of trace gases and aerosols between the earth’s surface and the atmosphere. The gases covered include NO, NO2, HONO, HNO3, NH3, SO2, DMS, Biogenic VOC, O3, CH4, N2O and aerosols in the size range 1nm to 10um including organic and inorganic chemical species. The main focus of the review is on the exchange between terrestrial ecosystems, both managed and natural and the atmosphere, although ocean-atmosphere exchange is included. The material presented is biased towards the last decade, but includes earlier work, where more recent developments are limited or absent. Methodology and new instrumentation have enabled, if not driven technical advances in measurement, and these are described, including the application of new mass spectrometric methods, such as AMS and PTRMS adapted for field measurement of vertical fluxes using micrometeorological methods for chemically resolved aerosols and for a wide range of VOC respectively. Also briefly described are advances in theory and techniques in micrometeorology. For some of the compounds there have been paradigm shifts in approach and application of both techniques and assessment. These include flux measurements over marine surfaces and urban areas using micrometeorological methods and the up-scaling of flux measurements using aircraft and satellite remote sensing. The application of a flux based approach in assessment of O3 effects on vegetation at regional scales of ozone is an important policy linked development secured through improved quantification of fluxes. The coupling of monitoring modelling and intensive flux measurement at a continental scale within the NitroEurope network represents a quantum development in the application of research teams to address the underpinning science of reactive nitrogen in the cycling between ecosystems and the atmosphere in Europe. Some important developments of the science have been applied to assist in addressing policy questions, which have been the main driver of the research agenda, while other developments in understanding have not been applied to their wider field especially in CTM models through deficiencies in linking data to enable application or inertia within the modelling community. The paper identifies some of these applications, gaps and research questions that have remained intractable at least since 2000, within the specialized sections of the paper rather than collated together within the conclusions and where possible these have been focussed on research questions for the coming decade.
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Dates et versions

hal-02822131 , version 1 (06-06-2020)

Identifiants

  • HAL Id : hal-02822131 , version 1
  • PRODINRA : 32138

Citer

D. Fowler, K. Pilegaard, Mark Sutton, P. Ambus, M. Raivonen, et al.. Atmospheric composition change: Ecosystems-atmosphere interactions. Chapitre 1. 2009. ⟨hal-02822131⟩
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