Amazon boundary layer aerosol concentration sustained by vertical transport during rainfall
Jian Wang
(1)
,
Radovan Krejci
(2)
,
Scott Giangrande
(1)
,
Chongai Kuang
(1)
,
Henrique M J Barbosa
(3)
,
Joel Brito
(3)
,
Samara Carbone
(3)
,
Xuguang Chi
(4, 5)
,
Jennifer Comstock
(6)
,
Florian Ditas
(4)
,
Jost Lavric
(7)
,
Hanna E Manninen
(8)
,
Fan Mei
(6)
,
Daniel Moran-Zuloaga
(4)
,
Christopher Pöhlker
(4)
,
Mira L Pöhlker
(4)
,
Jorge Saturno
(4)
,
Beat Schmid
(6)
,
Rodrigo a F Souza
(9)
,
Stephen R Springston
(1)
,
Jason M Tomlinson
(6)
,
Tami Toto
(1)
,
David Walter
(4)
,
Daniela Wimmer
(8)
,
James N Smith
(10)
,
Markku Kulmala
(8)
,
Luiz a T Machado
(11)
,
Paulo Artaxo
(3)
,
Meinrat O Andreae
(4, 12)
,
Tuukka Petäjä
(8)
,
Scot T Martin
(13)
1
Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973,
2 Stockholm University
3 USP - Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo
4 Biogeochemistry and Multiphase Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz
5 School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Jiangsu Province, 210023, Nanjing,
6 Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352,
7 Department of Biogeochemical Systems, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena
8 Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki
9 Amazonas State University
10 Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697,
11 INPE - National Institute for Space Research [Sao José dos Campos] = Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais
12 SIO - UC San Diego - Scripps Institution of Oceanography
13 Harvard University
2 Stockholm University
3 USP - Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo
4 Biogeochemistry and Multiphase Chemistry Departments, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz
5 School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Jiangsu Province, 210023, Nanjing,
6 Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352,
7 Department of Biogeochemical Systems, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena
8 Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki
9 Amazonas State University
10 Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697,
11 INPE - National Institute for Space Research [Sao José dos Campos] = Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais
12 SIO - UC San Diego - Scripps Institution of Oceanography
13 Harvard University
Joel Brito
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 20128
- IdHAL : joel-ferreira-de-brito
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4420-9442
- IdRef : 253123364
Florian Ditas
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 792140
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3824-9373
Christopher Pöhlker
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 792137
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6958-425X
Jorge Saturno
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 792142
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3761-3957
Markku Kulmala
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 763836
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3464-7825
- IdRef : 15928953X
Paulo Artaxo
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 777812
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7754-3036
- IdRef : 091308704
Meinrat O Andreae
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 792138
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1968-7925
- IdRef : 085954985
Tuukka Petäjä
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 779400
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1881-9044
Résumé
The nucleation of atmospheric vapours is an important source of new aerosol particles that can subsequently grow to form cloud condensation nuclei in the atmosphere 1. Most field studies of atmospheric aerosols over continents are influenced by atmospheric vapours of anthropogenic origin (for example, ref. 2) and, in consequence, aerosol processes in pristine, terrestrial environments remain poorly understood. The Amazon rainforest is one of the few continental regions where aerosol particles and their precursors can be studied under near-natural conditions 3–5 , but the origin of small aerosol particles that grow into cloud condensation nuclei in the Amazon boundary layer remains unclear 6–8. Here we present aircraft-and ground-based measurements under clean conditions during the wet season in the central Amazon basin. We find that high concentrations of small aerosol particles (with diameters of less than 50 nanometres) in the lower free troposphere are transported from the free troposphere into the boundary layer during precipitation events by strong convective downdrafts and weaker downward motions in the trailing stratiform region. This rapid vertical transport can help to maintain the population of particles in the pristine Amazon boundary layer, and may therefore influence cloud properties and climate under natural conditions.