Addressing the impact of Septoria tritici blotch pressure on wheat cultivar resistance in France
Résumé
The management of Septoria tritici blotch (STB) caused by Zymoseptoria tritici increasingly relies on varietal resistance. However, the deployment of wheat cultivars across large cultivated areas lead to the emergence and change in virulence frequencies in pathogen populations and ultimately to the erosion of resistances. Understanding the dynamics of these evolutions is crucial for devising more durable strategies of cultivar deployments. To this end, we analyzed STB incidence from the warming system BSV, developed by the French Ministry of Agriculture. This network comprises data collected from an average of 627 plots per year, representing 107 wheat cultivars scattered throughout France from 2010 to 2019. Data analysis confirmed that STB was a prevalent disease in France in the last decade, exhibiting spatial and temporal variations correlated with environmental factors. While the level of STB incidence remained stable on 80% of the plots, seven cultivars exhibited a significant increase in susceptibility. One of the most striking examples was the cultivar Cellule, carrying the Stb16q gene. Out of the 105 plots grown, 71 exhibited an increase in susceptibility, particularly notable in the Northwest region of France. In conclusion, these findings offer a comprehensive overview of STB dynamic at large spatiotemporal scale, showcasing instances of dynamic wheat resistance bypasses and the identification of potentially durable resistant cultivars.
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