It then assessed the use of these indicators in a specific and exemplary body of translational research investigating the link (correlational or causal) between physical activity/exercise and attentional selectivity with a result that only nine past studies (out of 52) actually used relevant indicators of physical activity/exercise-related changes in selective attention. The narrative review of these nine studies highlighted a substantial gap between what this body of research shows and the conclusions it draws. To mitigate this gap that is likely to concern all types of research aimed at boosting attentional selectivity, the paper also provided practical guidelines to allow future studies employing the Stroop task to draw more theoretically and empirically grounded inferences about the effects of any intervention on attentional selectivity.